had planned to say a few things about the behavior of the paper to be folded but I think there are still things to be filed under paper as raw material and manufacturing. Much of this input comes from the fantastic book by Michael G. LaFosse Advanced Origami ", a true guide to become an artisan and origami paper.
Cellulose
Continuing with our approach to the nature of the paper, mentioned in the first part cellulose and its discovery in 1852 by Meillier, no clutch, some sources suggest the French botanist Anselme Payen as the first person to isolate the cellulose in wood. [1 2] . This element is the main structural component of cells of land plants and is important for origami because its atomic bonds favor the formation of molecular fibers. If we see the cellulose molecule (C6 H10 O5)
notice that their free ends with OH H2O can generate a very strong bond and in turn generate a regularly oriented chain molecules, this is the origin of the fibers plants, the greater the number of molecules linked in this way (known as a polysaccharide) the greater the resulting fibers, and as we saw earlier, this is vital to the strength of the resulting paper. The fuzz surrounding the fruit of the cotton is the purest form of cellulose found in nature and they can reach up to 6000 contain cellulose molecules aligned in a polysaccharide. This bond is so strong that only herbivorous animals with highly developed digestive systems can break. As data can be said that cotton fibers are between 1 and 3 cm long, while the pine is just 3 mm. Generally
first plant cell walls contain almost pure cellulose and as we are entering the cell within other elements, such as lignin, appear. The following is a table with the structural content (in%) of different plants in nature:
Source: TAPPI
all these elements outside the cellulose adversely affect the quality and length of paper and different methods have been designed throughout history to eliminate them, many of them highly toxic chemicals and the environment (here is the reason that the bins are the focus of serious environmental controversies and throwing their waste chemicals into rivers or sea beds, besides the fact that native flora changed by pine, which has a high degree of destruction of fertile soil, but is cheaper and faster development). As noted, in 1852 the American Benjamin Chew Tilghman patented the method for obtaining wood pulp through chemical generation of sulfite pulp. In the world the trend is to obtain cellulose from trees, with the exception of India and China, which use other plants.
Finally I must say that the cellulose molecular bond is so strong and closed the paper is generally more rigid in one direction than another, well, a square piece of paper that is held by one edge to bend less at gravity if it holds for the other, since the fibers tend to be oriented mainly in one direction. Similarly, due to its strong bonding, cellulose is not soluble in water, and when you add this to the paper, the fibers tend to swell sideways rather than lengthwise, that is why dampened paper generates "wrinkles" and does not grow into its end (an important fact when looking for folding paper wet).
The Beaten
As we saw in the first part, long fibers generate a strong but coarse paper and small paper fibers are soft and thin. The chemical process of separating cellulose is characterized by left intact and separated fiber, so if you want to provide finesse to the role requires a treatment of agitated and beaten them. For this special mills are used where it circulates the pulp, the Hollander is the tool traditionally used for this. It basically consists of a circuit for the water plus a rotary mill square teeth that reduce the passage area of \u200b\u200bliquid hitting the fibers scattered short.
fibers break and shorten, causing the paper is more fragile.
Obviously, the longer the time the pulp is subjected to this process, the greater the opacity and fineness of the resulting paper, and the greater its fragility (eg normal handmade paper is held in this cycle for a couple of hours, whereas traditional tissue paper can be more than eight hours).
Pulp Sheet
Once the pulp mixture exits the mixer, you can color blends through withholding agents and pigments. Then you should create a uniform layer of pulp that gives rise to the paper, a way of achieving this is by mixing and dispersing the pulp in an amount of water and depositing this mixture into a rectangular frame that has the final form of paper as cellulose does not dissolve in water, stay dry and homogeneous layer of certain thickness, if the frame has a filter at its base and the water drains, the result is better and more homogeneous. The industrial process disperses the wet pulp production in long lines to regulate the thickness and concentration of the pulp. Pressed
The sheet made of wet pulp is subjected to varying pressures based on the degree of density that is required of the paper. Here again we look to the cellulose fibers, while fibers increases flatten the area covered by them and win the role in opacity and density, as shown in the following figures, plus lots of water remaining in the pulp thus removed the leaf, achieving a more consistent role. Usually the leaves are placed between layers of felt (cluster wool or hair) that do not adhere to the pulp.
Drying
Finally the paper is dried by air so as not to lose its color or fibers from drying too. They are also can be finished with certain materials that make it more smooth and soft in one or both layers.
to arrive here with the papermaking process. In the next post we'll see how it behaves with the folded paper and the different techniques for this exist, and their effect on the fiber, stress and resilience of the paper (fatigue life). Hope you like this seeming interesting;)
Bibliography
1 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose
http://web1.caryacademy.org/chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/CompoundWebSites/2000/Cellulose/history.htm 3 http://www.forestprod.org/cdromdemo/pf/pf8.html
Cellulose
Continuing with our approach to the nature of the paper, mentioned in the first part cellulose and its discovery in 1852 by Meillier, no clutch, some sources suggest the French botanist Anselme Payen as the first person to isolate the cellulose in wood. [1 2] . This element is the main structural component of cells of land plants and is important for origami because its atomic bonds favor the formation of molecular fibers. If we see the cellulose molecule (C6 H10 O5)
notice that their free ends with OH H2O can generate a very strong bond and in turn generate a regularly oriented chain molecules, this is the origin of the fibers plants, the greater the number of molecules linked in this way (known as a polysaccharide) the greater the resulting fibers, and as we saw earlier, this is vital to the strength of the resulting paper. The fuzz surrounding the fruit of the cotton is the purest form of cellulose found in nature and they can reach up to 6000 contain cellulose molecules aligned in a polysaccharide. This bond is so strong that only herbivorous animals with highly developed digestive systems can break. As data can be said that cotton fibers are between 1 and 3 cm long, while the pine is just 3 mm. Generally
first plant cell walls contain almost pure cellulose and as we are entering the cell within other elements, such as lignin, appear. The following is a table with the structural content (in%) of different plants in nature:
Source: TAPPI
all these elements outside the cellulose adversely affect the quality and length of paper and different methods have been designed throughout history to eliminate them, many of them highly toxic chemicals and the environment (here is the reason that the bins are the focus of serious environmental controversies and throwing their waste chemicals into rivers or sea beds, besides the fact that native flora changed by pine, which has a high degree of destruction of fertile soil, but is cheaper and faster development). As noted, in 1852 the American Benjamin Chew Tilghman patented the method for obtaining wood pulp through chemical generation of sulfite pulp. In the world the trend is to obtain cellulose from trees, with the exception of India and China, which use other plants.
Finally I must say that the cellulose molecular bond is so strong and closed the paper is generally more rigid in one direction than another, well, a square piece of paper that is held by one edge to bend less at gravity if it holds for the other, since the fibers tend to be oriented mainly in one direction. Similarly, due to its strong bonding, cellulose is not soluble in water, and when you add this to the paper, the fibers tend to swell sideways rather than lengthwise, that is why dampened paper generates "wrinkles" and does not grow into its end (an important fact when looking for folding paper wet).
The Beaten
As we saw in the first part, long fibers generate a strong but coarse paper and small paper fibers are soft and thin. The chemical process of separating cellulose is characterized by left intact and separated fiber, so if you want to provide finesse to the role requires a treatment of agitated and beaten them. For this special mills are used where it circulates the pulp, the Hollander is the tool traditionally used for this. It basically consists of a circuit for the water plus a rotary mill square teeth that reduce the passage area of \u200b\u200bliquid hitting the fibers scattered short.
fibers break and shorten, causing the paper is more fragile.
Obviously, the longer the time the pulp is subjected to this process, the greater the opacity and fineness of the resulting paper, and the greater its fragility (eg normal handmade paper is held in this cycle for a couple of hours, whereas traditional tissue paper can be more than eight hours).
Pulp Sheet
Once the pulp mixture exits the mixer, you can color blends through withholding agents and pigments. Then you should create a uniform layer of pulp that gives rise to the paper, a way of achieving this is by mixing and dispersing the pulp in an amount of water and depositing this mixture into a rectangular frame that has the final form of paper as cellulose does not dissolve in water, stay dry and homogeneous layer of certain thickness, if the frame has a filter at its base and the water drains, the result is better and more homogeneous. The industrial process disperses the wet pulp production in long lines to regulate the thickness and concentration of the pulp. Pressed
The sheet made of wet pulp is subjected to varying pressures based on the degree of density that is required of the paper. Here again we look to the cellulose fibers, while fibers increases flatten the area covered by them and win the role in opacity and density, as shown in the following figures, plus lots of water remaining in the pulp thus removed the leaf, achieving a more consistent role. Usually the leaves are placed between layers of felt (cluster wool or hair) that do not adhere to the pulp.
Drying
Finally the paper is dried by air so as not to lose its color or fibers from drying too. They are also can be finished with certain materials that make it more smooth and soft in one or both layers.
to arrive here with the papermaking process. In the next post we'll see how it behaves with the folded paper and the different techniques for this exist, and their effect on the fiber, stress and resilience of the paper (fatigue life). Hope you like this seeming interesting;)
Bibliography
1 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose
http://web1.caryacademy.org/chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/CompoundWebSites/2000/Cellulose/history.htm 3 http://www.forestprod.org/cdromdemo/pf/pf8.html
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